The information supplied by the R1 records consists of time-independent data, all of which is read within subroutine READ1. This data specifies some of the physical properties of the global system including its geometry, boundary conditions, and initial conditions on pressure and temperature. The I data of Chapter 5 then refines the pressure initialization for the natural-flow field and provides initialization on the concentrations. The R1 records also contain a partial statement of the wellbore source/sink parameters and a definition of the discretization of the global system. The general procedure for input of the spatially dependent parameters is to specify large homogeneous regions followed by modification records to insert inhomogeneities.
3.1 PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
READ
R1-1 (5E10.0) Physical Constants.
READ R1-1.5
(List 1:(I5); List 2:(2E10.0)) Time dependent rock compressibility.
UKTY Thermal conductivity of the porous medium in the y direction.
UKTZ Thermal conductivity of the porous medium in the z direction.
CONV Conversion factor for the thermal conductivities. The entered values of the thermal conductivities are multiplied by CONV to obtain units of Btu/ft-d-EF (J/m-s-EC). If entered as zero, thermal conductivities should be read in Btu/ft-d-EF (J/m-s-EC).
ALPHL Longitudinal dispersivity factor, ft (m). [For multiple entries, see R1-2.5]
Skip the following read if NRT = 1,
and proceed to READ R1-3. Otherwise enter sequentially one group (List
1 and List 2) for each rock type.
To specify block locations for different
rock types, see Record R1A-1.
UTCY Thermal conductivity in the y direction.
UTCZ Thermal conductivity in the z direction.
CONV Conversion factor for
thermal conductivities to obtain units of Btu/ft-d-EF (J/m-s-EC).
The fluid densities are entered here
for brine concentrations C = 0 (natural aquifer fluid) and concentration
C = 1 (contaminated fluid). Both densities must be entered at the same
reference temperature and pressure.
Reference: Reeves et al. [1986a], Section
3.1.
3.2 WELLBORE DATA
If ISURF = 0, omit READ R1-4 and READ R1-5 and proceed to READ R1-6.
Reference: Reeves et al. [1986a], Section 4.2
READ R1-4
(I5) Output Control.
1 - An iteration summary, including the number of outer iterations, the flow rate and the bottom-hole pressure, is printed for each well.
2 - The well pressure and temperature, at the surface for an injection well and at the bottom-hole for a production well, and the flow rate are printed every time the wellbore subroutine, WELLB, is called.
3 - The pressure and temperature in
the well are printed for each vertical increment (see DELPW in READ R1-5).
DELPW Incremental value of pressure over which wellbore calculations are to be performed, psi (Pa).
3.3 VISCOSITY AND TEMPERATURE INITIALIZATION
The input data described in this section defines both the viscosity function and the initial-temperature definition. The latter is self evident since it consists of a simple interpolation table. The former, however, requires some explanation. Section 3.2 of Reeves et al. [1986a] provides a detailed description of the data necessary to generate the viscosity function. Thus, only a summary is given here.
Figure 3-1 presents a useful
visual aid. The minimum data necessary to specify the function shown consists
of the two points VISRR = m (C =0,T=TRR) and VISIR = m (C=1,T=TIR) (READ
R1-7). The remainder of the function is then generated from the generalized
curve of Lewis and Squires (for the dependence on temperature) and from
interpolation (for the dependence on brine concentration). As discussed
in the above reference, the generalized curves may introduce as much as
an 18 percent error in the temperature dependence of the viscosity function.
It is therefore desirable to supply additional data whenever possible.
Temperature data for C = 0 may be included by using arrays TR(I) and VISR(I)
(READ R1-9) with control parameter NTVR. Temperature data for C = 1 may
be included by using arrays TI(I) and VISI(I) (READ R1-10) with control
parameter NTVI. Concentration data for T = TRR may be included by using
arrays SC(I) and VCC(I) (READ R1-8) with control parameter NCV. In order
to define a constant value of viscosity for C = 0 (or C=1), it is necessary
to specify the same value for two different temperatures. For example,
a constant function m (C = 0,T) = 1 cp is determined by specifying NTVR
= 1 and VISRR = VISR = 1.0 with TRR … TR.
READ R1-6
(4I5) Control Parameters.
NTVR Number of entries in the temperature-viscosity table for C = 0. This index refers to data points on curve r of Figure 3-1, exclusive of the end points.
NTVI Number of entries in the temperature-viscosity table for C = 1. This index refers to data points on curve i of Figure 3-1, exclusive of the end points.
NDT Number of entries in the depth-versus-temperature table.
VISRR Viscosity of the resident fluid at the reference temperature, TRR, cp (Pa-s).
TIR Reference temperature for the contaminated-fluid viscosity, EF (EC).
VISIR Viscosity of the contaminated fluid at TIR, cp (Pa-s).
READ R1-8
(7E10.0) Concentration-Dependent Viscosity Values.
VCC Viscosity of fluid mixture at concentration SC and temperature TRR, cp (Pa-s).
READ R1-9
(7E10.0) Temperature-Dependent Viscosity Values.
VISR Viscosity of the resident fluid at the temperature TR, cp (Pa-s). Do not re-enter the reference viscosity at TRR (READ R1-7).
READ R1-10
(7E10.0) Temperature-Dependent Viscosity Values.
VISI Viscosity of the contaminated fluid at the temperature TI, cp (Pa-s). Do not re-enter the reference viscosity at TIR (READ R1-7).
Reference: Reeves et al. [1986a], Section
5.1.2.
READ R1-11
(2E10.0) Initial Temperatures.
TD Temperature, EF (EC).
3.4 OVER/UNDERBURDEN PARAMETERS
As described in Reeves et al. [1986a], Section 5.4, heat transport between the reservoir and the overburden and/or underburden is accounted for in the SWIFT code by means of a fully coupled, completely implicit heat-transport calculation within these neighboring regions. Boundary temperatures for the top of the overburden and the bottom of the underburden are obtained from the temperature-versus-depth table (READ R1-11). Initial conditions are also obtained from this table. Except for the assumptions of no lateral transport and no fluid flow within these external zones, the calculations there are completely general. The data defined in READ R1-12 through READ R1-15 gives the information necessary to discretize the over/underburden region and to define the heat-transport parameters therein.
Reference: Reeves et al. [1986a], Section 5.4.
If NZ = 1, the underburden heat loss is assumed to be equal to the overburden heat loss, and only the parameters of the overburden are utilized.
READ
R1-12 (2I5) Number of Over/Underburden Grid Blocks.
NZUB Number of underburden blocks. If NZUB # 2, the underburden heat-loss calculations are not performed.
READ R1-13
(4E10.0) Physical Parameters.
READ R1-14 (7E10.0) Discretization of the Overburden.
READ R1-15 (7E10.0) Discretization of the Underburden.
3.5 REFERENCE DATA AND PRESSURE INITIALIZATION
Reference: Reeves et al. [1986a], Section 5.1.1.
READ R1-16 (4E10.0) Reference Data.
PINIT Initial pressure, pI, at the depth HINIT, psi (Pa). Also used as the reference pressure PO = PINIT. See Figure 3-2.
3.6 DISCRETIZATION FOR A CARTESIAN GEOMETRY
If HTG = 3 (radial geometry), skip to READ R1-22.
READ
R1-17 (List Directed) Grid-Block Definition.
DELZ(K) Block thickness, starting with top-most block, ft (m).
3.7 RESERVOIR DATA FOR A CARTESIAN GEOMETRY
The following data are read only if
HTG = 1 or 2, and by themselves describe a homogeneous reservoir. Heterogeneity
may be introduced by using READ R1-21 and/or regional modifications in
READ R1-26, in addition to READ R1-20.
READ R1-20 (7E10.0) Homogeneous Reservoir Information.
KY Hydraulic conductivity in y direction, ft/d (m/s).
KZ Hydraulic conductivity in z direction, ft/d (m/s).
PHI Porosity (fraction).
SINX Sine of the reservoir dip angle along the x-axis (positive down). See Figure 3-2.
SINY Sine of the reservoir dip angle along the y-axis (positive down). See Figure 3-2.
READ R1-21 (List 1: 6I5; List 2: 7E10.0) Heterogeneous Reservoir Information.
J1, J2 (Similar definition for the J index).
K1, K2 (Similar definition for the
K index).
KY y-direction hydraulic conductivity, ft/d (m/s).
KZ z-direction hydraulic conductivity, ft/d (m/s).
PHI Porosity, fraction.
UH Depth in ft (m) measured positive downward from reference plane to center of the cell. See Figure 3-2. If entered as zero, the depth is unaltered from the value calculated for a homogeneous aquifer.
UTH Grid-block thickness in the vertical direction, ft (m). If the layer thickness is equal to DELZ(K) (READ R1-19), UTH may be entered as zero.
UCPR Heat capacity of the rock, Btu/ft3-EF (J/m3-EC). If the rock heat capacity is equal to CPR (READ R1-1), UCPR may be entered as zero.
3.8 RESERVOIR DATA FOR A CYLINDRICAL GEOMETRY
The following three records are read for a radial geometry with a well located at the center of the system. The user has the option of generating the grid block centers using an equal Dlog(r) basis, (i.e., ri/ri-1 is constant) or entering the radius of each grid-block center.
Skip to READ R1-26 if HTG … 3.
READ R1-22 (4E10.0) Geometrical Data.
Reference: Reeves et al. [1986a], Section 7.1.2.
R1 For mesh generation on an equal Dlog(r) basis, R1 > 0 represents the center of the first grid block. See Figure 3-3. For direct specification, R1 = 0 should be used.
DEPTH Depth, hO, from the
reference plane (positive downward) to the center of the first layer of
blocks, ft (m). See Figure 3-2.
KYY Horizontal hydraulic conductivity, ft/d (m/s).
KZZ Vertical hydraulic conductivity, ft/d (m/s).
READ R1-24 (7E10.0) Radial Grid-Block Centers.
3.9 RESERVOIR DESCRIPTION MODIFICATIONS
Read as many sets of the following data as necessary to describe all the reservoir description modifications which are desired. Follow the last set with a blank record, which the program recognizes as the end of this data set. Even if no regional modifications are desired, the blank record must be included.
READ R1-26
(LIST 1: 6I5; LIST 2: 7E10.0; LIST 3: 3E10.0)
J1, J2 (Similar definition for J index).
K1, K2 (Similar definition for K index).
FTY This has the same function of FTX, but applies to the y-direction transmissibilities.
FTZ This has the same function of FTX, but applies to the vertical transmissibilities.
FPV This has the same function of FTX, but applies to pore volumes. Set FPV to zero to make the block inactive. This will remove the block from the matrix solution and avoid printing and mapping of output with efficient storage and no loss of accuracy. Wells cannot be placed in zero pore volume blocks.
FPHI If positive, this is the factor by which the values of porosity used in the heat storage calculation within the defined region are to be multiplied. If negative, the absolute value of FPHI will be used. A zero or unit value has no effect.
HADD This is an increment that will be added to the depths within the defined region, ft (m). A positive value moves the designated cells deeper, and a negative value brings them closer to the surface. See Figure 3-2.
THADD This is an increment that will
be added to the thickness values within the defined region, ft (m). A positive
value makes the cell thicker, and a negative value makes it thinner. Pore
volumes are implicitly modified with thickness changes.
FTUY This has the same function of FTUX, but applies to the y-direction Darcy velocities.
FTUZ This has the same function of FTUX, but applies to the z-direction Darcy velocities.
3.10 AQUIFER-INFLUENCE FUNCTIONS AND BOUNDARY CONDITIONS
Aquifer-influence functions specify the effects of an aquifer upon the reservoir via an analytic submodel of the aquifer. Conceptually reservoir and aquifer are related as shown by Figure 3-4. For the SWIFT model three different aquifer submodels are available. These submodels are implicitly coupled to the reservoir via the influence functions. In general, both pressure and flow vary as a function of time. The application of such functions means that the aquifer itself need not be modeled as a part of the grid system. Boundary conditions, however, are more simple. They derive from specified constants for pressure, temperature and concentration. Hence, they do not implicitly vary with the internal condition of the reservoir as do the aquifer-influence functions.
Reference: Reeves et al. [1986a], Sections 5.2 and 5.3.
If no aquifer-influence functions or
boundary conditions are to be specified (no flow across aquifer boundaries),
insert a blank record and proceed to READ R1D-1.
READ R1-27 (2I5) Control Parameters.
1 - A pot-aquifer representation will be used. The aquifer is assumed to be at steady-state with a no-flow outer boundary. [Rarely used option]
2 - A steady-state aquifer representation will be used. The aquifer is assumed to be at steady-state with a constant pressure at the outer aquifer boundary. [Rarely used option]
4 - Constant pressure and brine-component
boundary conditions will be used. Boundary conditions for heat transport
may be either constant-temperature or radiative.
1 - The locations and values of the
aquifer- influence coefficients will be printed.
If IAQ = 3 (READ R1-27), skip the following READ and proceed to READ R1-29.
Follow the last record of this data
group by a blank record.
READ R1-28 (LIST 1: 7I5; LIST 2: 6E10.0) Region Specification.
J1, J2 (Similar definition for J index).
K1, K2 (Similar definition for K index).
KAQ Control variable for the heat-transport
equation used only for IAQ = 4.
0 - Type 1 temperature condition only. In List 2, T1 is used. T2 and T3 are not used.
1 - Type 1 temperature condition and
Type 3 radiation condition. In List 2, T1, T2 and T3 are all used.
VAB Face-type indicator used to assign
transmissibility.
2.0 - Block is located on an I = NX edge.
3.0 - J = 1 edge.
4.0 - J = NY edge.
5.0 - K = 1 edge.
6.0 - K = NZ edge.
READ R1-29 (3I5) Control Parameters.
PRTIF Print control key for the influence-function table.
Follow the last VAB record of the following data group by a blank record. This READ group consists of two records, or any number of sets of two records, with each set defining a rectangular region and the value of VAB to be assigned within that region. Overlapping of regions is permissible. The order of the sets is immaterial except that any overlapping will result in the VAB of the last set being assigned to the overlapped subregion.
READ R1-30 (LIST 1: 6I5; LIST 2: E10.0) Boundary Specification.
J1, J2 (Similar definition for J index).
K1, K2 (Similar definition for K index).
PHIH Porosity-thickness for aquifer, ft (m).
RAQ Equivalent aquifer radius, ft (m). The approximate method of Carter and Tracy is valid for circular aquifers. However, it may be used, nevertheless, to approximate the effect of an infinite aquifer upon a rectangular system.
THETAQ Angle of influence, degrees. This angle should indicate the portion of the aquifer covered by the aquifer-influence boundary. If mass flow is permitted across all the boundaries, enter 360E.
READ R1-32
(2E10.0) Terminal-Rate Function.
PTD Terminal-rate function.
Follow the following data with one blank record. If no modifications are desired, one blank record is still required.
READ R1-33
(LIST 1: 6I5; LIST 2: E10.0)
J1, J2 (Similar definition for the J index).
K1, K2 (Similar definition for the K index).
LIST 2: FAB
FAB Factor by which the VAB will be
modified in the defined region.