The SWIFT-2002 code is the result of work performed by several related consulting firms. Funding has principally been through government contracts. This section reviews the chronology and evolution of the code.
Listed below are the significant benchmark
versions of the code used in the development of SWIFT-2002.
| CODE | CODE DEVELOPER | SOURCE OF FUNDING | REFERENCE |
| SWIP | Intercomp, Inc. | USGS | Intercomp, 1976 |
| SWIPR | Intera, Inc. | USGS | Intera, 1979 |
| SWIFT | Intera, Inc. | NRC | Dillon
et al., 1978;
Reeves and Cranwell, 1981; Finley and Reeves, 1981; Ward et al., 1984 |
| SWIFT II | GeoTrans, Inc. | NRC | Reeves
et al., 1986a
Reeves et al., 1986b Reeves et al., 1987 |
| SWIFT III | GeoTrans, Inc. | GeoTrans | Ward, 1987 |
| SWIFT/386 | GeoTrans, Inc. | GeoTrans | Ward, 1991 |
| SWIFT/486 | GeoTrans, Inc. | GeoTrans | Ward, Harrover, and Vincent, 1992 |
| SWIFT-98 | GeoTrans, Inc. | GeoTrans, Inc. | Ward 1998 |
| SWIFT-2002 | Earthward Consulting, Inc. | Earthward Consulting, Inc. | Earthward Consulting 2001 |
The following paragraphs summarize the evolution of each version.
SWIP - 1976 (Survey Waste Injection Program)
Under funding by the U.S. Geological Survey, Intercomp developed the three-dimensional model intended for assessing the effects of deep well injection of wastes into saline aquifers. The code is a hybrid of hydrologic and petroleum technology. Capabilities include the coupled solution of equations for groundwater flow, heat and brine transport. Additional features include: variable density, viscosity, well bore friction and heat loss. The report contains several verification and
validation problems. The code is also referred to Deep Well Disposal Model (DWDM).
SWIPR - 1979 (Survey Waste Injection Program Revised)
Under contract to the USGS, Intera, a former division of Intercomp, extended the model to include: a freewater surface, sorption and decay for contaminant transport. Both SWIP and SWIPR are stagnant, that is, updates have not been issued. Both codes are designed for Control Data mainframes with Fortran 4. The SWIPR code is also referred to as SWIP2.
SWIFT - 1981 (Sandia Waste-Isolation Flow and Transport)
Under contract to the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission, Intera extended the code to simulate transport of chains of radionuclides. In contrast to the brine equation, nuclides are assumed to be of trace quantifies, that is the concentration does not affect the fluid density. A steady-state flow option was included. The code is intended for performance assessment of high-level nuclear waste repositories. In support of the code two other documents were prepared. The SWIFT self-teaching curriculum (Finley and Reeves, 1981) document 11 application problems. The verification and field comparison document (Ward et al., 1984) details 11 more problems, demonstrating that the code compares favorably with analytical and field data. Data input instructions are given in Reeves and Cranwell, 1981.
SWIFT II - 1986 (Sandia Waste-Isolation Flow and Transport for Fractured Media)
Under contract to NRC, GeoTrans, a former subsidiary of Intera, extended the code to include: fractured media, enhanced freewater surface and extended boundary conditions. To provide the use with complete information a document on the theory and implementation was prepared (Reeves et al., 1986a). Mathematical development is fully detailed in this 200 page report. Data input instructions are given in Reeves et al., 1986b. In a supplemental document eight problems and data sets were prepared for self-instruction (Reeves et al., 1986c).
SWIFT III - 1987 (Sandia Waste-Isolation Flow and Transport for Fractured Media)
GeoTrans extended the code to comply with ANSI Fortran 77. Additional refinements in user options, mapping facilities and auxiliary files were performed. The data input instructions by Ward, 1989 reflect these changes.
SWIFT/386 - 1991 (Sandia Waste-Isolation Flow and Transport for Fractured Media)
GeoTrans further extended the code for use on personal computers. Additional features include multiple values of rock-type compressibility. The primary change is the addition of a run-time monitor to improve user friendliness.
SWIFT/486 - 1993 (Sandia Waste-Isolation Flow and Transport for Fractured Media)
The code is further extended to utilize the 80486 processor. Added options including: stair-cased grid input HTOP (R1-19.1), environmental and fresh water head, improved mass balance, Peclet and Courant number diagnostic, matrix printing control using L2SORP (M-2), maps of all radionuclide concentration, summary output for aquifer influence function (LAIF).
SWIFT-98 - 1998 (Sandia Waste-Isolation Flow and Transport for Fractured Media)
The code is further extended to utilize the MS Windows, still as a Fortran Program.
SWIFT-2002 - 2001 (Sandia Waste-Isolation Flow and Transport for Fractured Media)
The SWIFT model is now supported by Groundwater Vistas.